Table of Contents

THE SEEDS OF LIBERTY

Introduction 6

1625 - Charles I takes throne 6

1628 - Petition of Right issued 6

1629 - Parliament dissolved / Puritans receive Royal charter for a self-governing colony. 6

1635 - Colony of Connecticut settled 7

1639 - Fundamental Orders of Connecticut adopted. 7

1642 - English civil war begins 7

1648 - East Hampton purchased, English civil war ends 7

1650 - First international boundary in America is established on Long Island. 8

1654 - Town of East Hampton established. 8

1660 - Crown restored to King Charles II 8

1664 - Duke of York gets Charter / Stuyvesant cedes New Amsterdam 9

1665 - Meeting at Hempstead, “Duke’s Laws” established 9

1673-74 Dutch reoccupation of New York 9

June, 1682 - East Hampton delivers grievance and petition of liberty of a “Generall and free Assembly of our Representatives” 10

Sept. 30, 1682 - Dongan appointed Governor 10

Jan. 27, 1683 - Instructions issued to Governor Dongan 10

Oct. 17, 1683 - New York’s first general assembly convenes 12

Feb. 6th, 1685 - Duke of York ascends throne as King James II. 14

Aug. 13, 1685 - Dongan proclaims dissolution of assembly. 14

Oct. 20, 1685 - Second general assembly begins. 15

June 10, 1686 - King James issues new commision to Gov. Dongan 15

Dec. 9, 1686 - First meeting of Gov. Dongan with his council under his new commission - East Hampton Town Patent issued. 15

April 7, 1688 - New York annexed to New England. 16

Dec. 11, 1688 - James II abandons throne 16

Feb. 13, 1689 - Crown tendered to William and Mary 16

Nov. 14, 1689 - Sloughter appointed Governor of New York 16

April 24, 1690 - First Leisler assembly 17

Sept. 15, 1690 - Second Leisler assembly 17

March 19, 1691 - Sloughter arrives in New York 18

April 9, 1691 - A new assembly is had under the authority of William and Mary 18

May 13, 1691 - The new Charter of Liberties 18

July 4th, 1776 - the Continental Congress adopts the Declaration of Independence 20

1777 - New York adopts a sovereign constitution of democratic government. 21

1791 - The Federal Union adopts the Bill of Rights 21

CHARTER OF LIBERTIES AND PRIVILEGES - 1683

Preamble 22

1. [Supreme legislative authority.] 22

2. [Governor and council.] 23

3. [Council to act in governor’s absence.] 23

4. [General assembly] 23

5. [Right of suffrage; qualifications of voters.] 24

6. [Representatives, how apportioned] 24

7. [General assembly, how constituted.] 25

8. [Sessions of General Assembly.] 25

9. [Assembly may determine qualifications and election of members.] 25

10. [Immunities of members.] 25

11. [Laws must -be approved by governor and council.] 26

12. [Elections for vacancies in assembly.] 26

13. [Freemen’s rights.] 26

14. [When aids and other burdens not to be levied.] 27

15. [Due process of law.] 27

16. [Amerciaments, to be reasonable.] 27

17- [Trial by jury.] 28

18. [Indictment and trial in criminal cases.] 28

19. [Bail.] 28

20. [Martial law regulated.] 29

21. [Land to be deemed estate of inheritance] 29

22. [Execution against property regulated.] 30

23. [Married woman’s deed.] 30

24. [Conveyance by will.] 30

25. [Dower.] 30

26. [Alienation of lands to be free.] 31

27. [Religious toleration.] 31

Declaration of Independence

Ju1y 4, 1776

[Preamble] 34

[Grievances] 35

[Pleading] 37

[Declaration] 37

THE CONSTITUTION  OF 1777

[I. Authority] 42

[II. Supreme legislative power in Assembly and Senate] 42

[III. Council of Revision - Governor, Chancellor & Judges of the Supreme Court.] 42

[IV. Apportionment of representatives to Assembly.] 43

[V. Provision for census] 44

[VI. Elections to be had by ballot] 44

[VII. Eligibility to vote.] 45

[VIII - Oath may be required to vote.] 45

[IX. Assembly to proceed in like manner as assembly of colony.] 45

[X. Constitution of, and eligibility requirements for, Senate] 46

[XI. Term and rotation of Senate.] 46

[XII. Senatorial districts] 46

[XIII. Protection from interference with rights and liberties.] 47

[XIV. Adjournment by assembly or senate limited.] 47

[XV. Senate-Assembly conferences] 47

[XVI. Limitation of size of Senate and Assembly] 48

[XVII. Power and election of Governor] 48

[XVIII. Governor is General and Commander in Chief of Militia and Admiral of Navy.] 48

[XIX - Responsibilities of Governor] 49

[XX. - Lieutenant-Governor] 49

[XXI. Absence of Lieutenant-Governor] 50

[XXII. Treasurer to be appointed by the Assembly.] 50

[XXIII. - Appointment of Officers] 50

{XXIV. Commissioning of Military Officers] 50

[XXV. Chancellor and Judges to hold no other office.] 51

[XXVI. Sheriffs & Coroners annually appointed.] 51

[XXVII. Appointment of Clerks.} 51

{XXVIII. Duration of officers not ascertained.] 51

[XXIX. Town & County officials to continue.] 52

[XXX. Appointment of Delegates to the General Congress of the United States of America.] 52

[XXXI. Preamble of all laws to be “by the people of the State of New York.” 52

[XXXII. Court for Impeachments and Corrections of Errors.] 53

[XXXIII. Power of impeachment vested in Assembly.] 53

[XXXIV. Party to be impeached has right to counsel.] 54

[XXXV. Laws of England and colonial assembly continued.] 54

[XXXVI. Grants and Charters to bodies politic continued.] 54

[XXXVII. Puchases or contracts of sale with Indians prohibited.] 55

[XXXVIII. Freedom of religion and worship protected.] 55

[XXXIX. Ministers and priests barred from public office.] 56

[XL. Militia to maintain readiness.] 56

[XLI. Right to trial by jury.] 56

[XLII. Naturalization] 57